In general, this book discusses the limitations and understanding of history as a science, art, story, and historiography; scientific methods in historical research; historical traditions of Indonesian society before and after the introduction of the script system; early life of Indonesian society. In addition, supplementary materials are also inserted, namely ancient civilizations of Asia, Africa, Europe, and Mesoamerica. In each chapter in this book, a History Info box is inserted to support the material being discussed.